lest的用法及句型(lessthan的用法及例句)

关于虚拟语气的几个要点2

I‘d rather he didn’t go now.

要是我Ask him which he wants.明天见到他，我就会问他这件事的。

lest的用法及句型(lessthan的用法及例句)

lest的用法及句型(lessthan的用法及例句)

Had I had the money last year （= If I had had the money last year）， I would he bought the house.

如果我去年有了这笔钱，我就买那所房子了。

Should there be any trouble with the boiler， the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply.

如锅炉出问题的话，自控装置会自动切断燃油的供给。

3） 通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如：

If I were you， I would he taken his a.

我要是你，我就采纳了他的建议。（从句指现在，主句指过去）

If the weather had been more forable， the crop would be growing still better.

如果气候更适宜一些，庄稼会长得更好。（从句指过去，主句指现在）

5. 含蓄虚拟条件句

1）有时设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without， but for， but that， otherwi9.That is the reason why xxx (那就是……的原因)se， or， but 等。例如：

Without your （=If we had not had your ）， we could not he succeeded.

要是没有你的帮助，我们就不会成功的。

But for electricity （= If there were no electricity）， there would be no modern industry.

要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。

He was hing a meeting； otherwise he would he come over to us.

他当时正与他的学生进行讨论，否则的话他就来帮我们了。

He felt very tired yesterday， or he would he attended the party.

他昨天很累，不然他就参加那个聚会了。

2）在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中，虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来。谓语动词用should/ would be 形式和should/ would he been 虚拟形式。例如：

任何人处在他的位置都会那么做的。

You should （ought to） he come earlier.

你本应来得早点。

6. 其他句型中的虚拟语气

1）在would rather， would sooner， would just as soon， might as well和would prefer等后面所跟的从句中，也可以用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿、但愿”。其形式为：

①“would rather （would sooner…） + 主语 + 谓语动词过去式” 表示现在或将来的情况。

②“would rather （would sooner） + 主语 + 动词过去完成式”表示过去的情况。例如：

要是他现在不走就好了

I‘d just as soon you had been here yesterday.

要是你昨天在这里就好了。

2）在句型“It is （high/ about） time…”后面也可以跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“（should）+ 动词原形”，意为“该是……的时候了”。例如：

It is time that the boy （should） go to school.

这个小孩该上学了。

It is high time （that） the weather improved.

天气真该好起来了。

3）在“if only”引起的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。

形式为：①用过去时或“would/ could + 动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。

②过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如：

If only you would listen to our a.

要是你听我们的建议就好了。

If only I had not been busy last week！

要是上周我不忙该多好啊！

If only she could marry me.

但愿她能嫁给我。

注：if only也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如：

If only I had more money， I could buy a car.

要是我有更多的钱，我就可以买辆车了。

4）连接词“in case， lest， for fear that”可以用来虚拟语气。其形式通常为：“…lest （in case， for fear that） + 主语 + should + 动词原形”。Lest， for fear that 句中的 should 可以省去， in case 句中的 should 通常不省去，但是 in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。Lest， for fear that后面也可以接其他形式。例如：

He took his coat with him in case it should rain.

I will not make a noise for fear that I （should/ might） disturb you.

我不会做声的，以免打扰你。

Care must be taken in using this mod lest overflow （should） occur.

在使用这以方法的时候要谨慎小心，以免发生溢流现象。

there be 句型的句子成分

I wish I could he slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come43.……….,as is often the case with . / 10.It is said / thought / belid / hoped / suped …….that ………as is usual with .(as非限制性定语从句) to class.

在“There be…”句型中：There为代词，表示某物或某人的存在或某事的发生（常用作be,seem或appear的主语），它是形式主语；be为不及物动词表示存在；be后的名词为真正主语，通常是泛指名词。 只要是there be句型，there就不再是副词，不是表示地点。而是一个形式主语，现在词典已经将这个there作为代词收录。认为there是表示某个地点是错误的理解，应该纠正。 当there作副词位于句首，采用完全倒装，这是另一种结构，与“there be… 有…”用法不同！ There be陈述句句型，常表示某处（某地）存在有某人或某物。 一、结构句型：there be（are/is/ was /were）+主语+介词短语...... (1) there is+单数可数名词/ 不可数名词+地点短语...... There is a ruler on the desk.书桌上有一把尺。 (2) there are+复数名词+地点短语...... There are four apples on the tree.（长在树上）树上有四个苹果。 (3) there is+单数可数名词/ 不可数名词+V-ing+地点短语...... There is a bird singing in the tree.树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。 There is a baby sleeping in the room.房间里有一个宝宝正在睡觉。 (4) there are+复数名词+V-ing+地点短语...... There are some birds singing in the tree.树上有一些鸟正在唱歌。 There are o boys running on the street.街上有二个男孩正在奔跑。 二、There be句型的用法: 1)There与be中间可插入一些表示推测的情态动词、表示时态的短语和一些动词短语,以强调某种语气。 例如:There must be some flowers in the box. 盒子里肯定有些鲜花。 There happened to be some money in my pocket.我的口袋里碰巧有一些钱。 There will be a meeting this afternoon.注意:be不能换成he及he的变化形式。 2)There be句型常与过去时间状语连用,构成一些固定句型,用于故事发生的开头,交代故事发生的时间。 例如:Many years ago, there was such a beautiful girl called Caixia.很久以前有一个叫彩霞的美丽女孩。 3)There be句型可换成There e / go/live/stand/lie/seem to be/happen to be等,以引起注意,加强语气。 某些表示存在、发生、出现、坐落等意义的不及物动词也可以与there连用。如appear,seem,e,remain,exist,live,stand,lie,arise,enter,follow,occur,rise,grow,happen,belong,arrive,fly,flash,sail,pass,run,spring up,emerge 等。 例如:There es the bus公共汽车来了。 There (seems to be) a knife and a fork on the table. A. seems to be B. seem to be C. is seeming to be D. are 解析： 根据就近原则，首先排除B、D。只从A和C中选，而感官动词一般不用于进行时，故C也不正确。 4)There be句型或There加其他动词的句型,其动词的单复数,常采用就近一致的原则。 例如:There is a desk, o chairs and three benches in the room. =There are o chairs, a desk and three benches in the room. 5)There be或There加其他动词的句型,其反意疑问句一律用…there挂。 例如:There is a cat in the garden, isn't there？ There used to be no house here, used there / did there？(过去这儿没有房子,是吗？) There be +主语+doing ：主语与doing之间是逻辑主谓关系，doing作定语，是经常性的、状态性的、正在进行的或即将发生的点动词。 There be +主语+to do ：主语与to do 之间一般是逻辑动宾关系，多是将来的动作。 there be...”句型是存在句的常用基本结构，there在句中处于主语位置，起形式主语的作用，真正的主语是随后的名词词组。其谓语动词通常是be的各种时、体等形式。 ? 一. ?结构句型：there be（are/is/ was /were）+主语+介词短语...... (1) ?there is+单数可数名词/ 不可数名词+地点短语...... There is a ruler on the desk.书桌上有一把尺。 (2) ?there are+复数名词+地点短语...... There are four apples on the tree.（长在树上）树上有四个苹果。 (3) ?there is+单数可数名词/ 不可数名词+V-ing+地点短语...... There is a bird singing in the tree.树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。 There is a baby sleeping in the room.房间里有一个宝宝正在睡觉。 (4) ?there are+复数名词+V-ing+地点短语...... There are some birds singing in the tree.树上有一些鸟正在唱歌。 There are o boys running on the street.街上有二个男孩正在奔跑。 例句： 1.Will?there?be?anything?else??—?If?there?is,?we'll?let?you?know.? 还有什么其他的吗？——如果有的话，我们会通知你的。 2.Suping?we?hold?the?meeting?tomorrow,?will?there?be?enough?time?toprepare?? 如明天开会，准备工作来得及吗？ 3.Will?there?be?little?demand?beyond?marquee?names?like?Groupon,?Zynga?or?itter?? 是否会出现这样的情况：需求基本全都集中在Groupon，、Zynga和Twitter等大名鼎鼎的公司身上？ 4.Now?consider?this,?ye?that?fet?God,?lest?I?tear?you?in?pieces,?and?there?be?none?to?deliver.? 你们忘记神的，要思想这事，免得我把你们撕碎，无人搭救。 “There be”是英语中最常见的又是非常重要的句型,不管在口语中还是在书面语中,there be 句型的使用频率是很高的.仔细分析近几年的中考试题,几乎每年都以不同形式、从不同角度考查该句型的运用.因此,很有必要对此进行认真的分析和总结, 从而达到熟练掌握和运用这一句型的目的. 我们都知道,“There be”是表示“存在”的一种基本方式, 其句型结构通常为:：There be + ./sth. + somewhere/doing sth.但仅仅知道这点用法还远远不够,“There be”还有更多较为特殊的用法. 一、“There be”后面可以跟名词或动名词 在“There be +主语+状语"的句型中, 作主语的名词一般是非限定的,常是泛指而不是特指, 故一般不用this, that, these, those 等词修饰, 修饰主语的一般应该是不定冠词、零冠词、基数词或a, an, some, any, no, sral, many, much, a few, a little, another, a lot of, enough等非特指的词汇.请看下面例句: There is a shop at the corner. 在拐角处有家商店. There are o books on the desk. 课桌上有两本书. There are many sheep bleating in the field. 田里有许多绵羊在叫. 二、我们也可以根据表达的需要, 在There与be之间用上恰当的情态动词can, may, must, should, will等,构成: There will /may/must/can, etc. be...: There will be an interesting talk on English next week. 下个星期有个关于英语方面的有趣报告. My watch doesn’t work, there may be soming wrong with it. 我的手表不走了,可能出了故障. 三、“There be” 句型还有扩展形式 在There be 句型中, 除be之外, 某些表示存在概念的不及物动词也可以用于这种句型, 这些动词大致是: live, e, stand, lie等.请看： Once there lived an old fisherman near the sea. 海边曾经住着一位老渔夫. There stands a big tall apple tree in front of my house. 我家屋前有一棵高大的苹果树. Then there came a knock at the door. 那时传来了敲门声. 四、使用“There be”句型时要注意主谓一致 在There be的句子中, 谓语动词be的人称和数应该和它后面的主语(名词)保持一致, 当有两个或两个以上的名词作并列主语时, be的形式则和个名词保持一致(就近原则).如: There is a all river near the village. 村子附近有条小河. There are o thousand students in our school. 我们学校有2000名学生. There is a pen and o books on the desk. 课桌上有一枝钢笔. 五、There be句型与he的区别: 二者都表示汉语中的“有”.但是在用法上有区别: There be 句型表示“某处(某时)有某物”; 而he则表示“某人或某物拥有某物”, 强调主语和宾语的所属关系.如: There are quite a few pine trees on the campus. 校园里有许多松树. Each supergirl has her merits and faults. 每个超级女生都有他的优点和缺点. We he ten copies, but we shall need more. 我们有10册,但是我们还需要更多. 六、There be 句型的转换 一般地说, There be 句型的基本转换还是比较容易掌握的, 关键要注意句型中名词的转换形式, 请看下面的例句: Are there any boats on the lake? (一般疑问句) There are not any students in the classroom. (否定句) ——What's in the bag? (对主语提问的特殊疑问句) ——There are many oranges in it. 七、There be 句型的时态: There be 句型没有语态形式, 但是却有比较复杂的时态形式, 以及可以表达不同的情态语境,请看下面的例句: There will be a class meeting this afternoon. (一般将来时) 今天下午有班会. There was a football match in our school yesterday. (一般过去时) 昨天我们学校有一场足球赛. There he been great changes in China in the past enty years. (现在完成时) 在过去20年里发生了巨大变化. There are going to be o English parties next week. (一般将来时) 下周有两场英语晚会. There must be soming wrong with the r. ( must + be) 这台计算机一定出问题了. 单数或者不可数名词用 there is 复数用there are 后面加地点状语就可以了

列举虚拟语气时态的所有情况

其实你去百度查一下就有了

虚拟语气

5.含蓄虚拟条件句1）有时设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but等。例如：

有些条件句是可能实现的,称为真实条件句. 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达说话人的意愿.请求,设想,等未能或不可能实现的事实,或说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况.做这类题时首先要弄清楚虚拟语气的各种句型,即由if的虚拟条件句,省略if的倒装形式,可跟虚拟语气的宾语从句,同位语从句,表语从句的句型,以及表示祝愿或感叹的句子和由without, but for等介词的短语或句子.

四级对虚拟语气的测试主要涉及以下方面:

1). 主语从句,同位语从句中虚拟语气的用法.

2). 宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法,尤其是wish 虚拟语气结构的用法.

3). If条件句中虚拟语气的用法,应特别注意省略if的倒装结构是考试的重点.

4). would rather 英语关联词 —连接词 2等结构中虚拟语气的用法.

5). if only结构中虚拟语气的用法.

6). But, or, otherwise 等含蓄条件句的用法.

7). It’s time (that) 等结构中虚拟语气的用法.

1. 虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的运用

(1)虚拟语气现在时. 用以表示与现在事实相反的设或现在实现可能性不大的情况.

主句

动词过去式(be多用were)

Would/should/could/might + 动词原形

Eg. If I were a bird, I would fly to you.

If it were not for their , we should be in a very difficult ition.

(2) 虚拟语气过去式. 表示与过去事实完全相反的设.

主句

had + 过去分词

would/should/could/might + he +过去分词

Eg. If we had started earlier, we should not he missed the train.

If she hadn’t been ill, she might he come.

(3)虚拟语气将来式. 表与将来情形相反的设或极少有可能实现的情况.

主句

动词过去式或should +动词原形或were to +动词原形

would/should/could/might +动词原形

Eg. If Professor Li should he time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions.

If there should be no air, there would be no living things.

◆ 书面语中,上述(1),(2),(3)三种时态的虚拟句中,如果从句里含有should, had, were或其他助动词,则可将从属连词if省去,将助动词.情态动词.be或he放在句首形成部分倒装.

Eg. Were he in your ition, he’d he done the same.

Had I had time, I would he done that yesterday.

Should he come tomorrow, I should give him the dictionary.

(1) 错综时间虚拟句

通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式. P 116, 2

Eg. If I were you, I would he taken his a. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)

If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在).

(2) 含蓄条件句

有时设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示.

Eg. But for your a, I could not he done it so successfully.

The change could not he taken place without the open-door policy.

I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would he told him the answer.

(3) 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用.

A) 在wish, suggest, order, demand, proe, command, request, recommend, require, decide, insist, desire, urge等动词的宾语从句以及would rather /sooner 后要用 “ (should) +动词原形” 来表示愿望,建议, 命令,要求等; 由上述动词派生或转化的名词suggestion, proal, plan, motion, recommendation, demand, order, desire, request, requirement, insistence, a, decision , obligatory 义不容辞的, 必须的 等的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式.

Eg.

B) 在It is/was + 某些形容词 + that 从句的句型中,that从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,即 “should + 动词原形”

这些形容词有:

important, necessary, essential, imperative, natural, strange, aisable, desirable, sible, probable, astonishing, surprising, desired, suggested, requested, recommended, ordered, proed, decided, moved等.

“ should + 动词原形(或完成形式)” 可表示惊奇,遗憾,怀疑,不满等.

ⅰ. 用于expect, beli, think, suspect 等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中.

Eg. I nr expected that the new apartment should be so all.

ⅱ. 用于 “It is a pity, it is a shame, it is no wonder 等 + that” 等结构后的主语从句中.

Eg. It is a pity that he should be so careless.

C) 在由for fear that, in case, lest 等的状语从句中,用 “ should + 动词原形” 表示 “惟恐”的意思.

Eg. He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.

D) 在 “ It is (about/ high ) time + that (从句)” 中,谓语动词常用过去式表表示虚拟语气.

Eg. It is high time that people learnt English.

E) 在 “as if/ as though” 的状语从句中,谓语动词与wish的宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.

Eg. He works with such enthusia as if he nr knew fatigue.

He speaks English as though he were an American.

F) 在 look, seem等动词后的 “as if / as though”从句中,当表示真实情况时,用陈述语气; 否则,用虚拟语气.

Eg. It seems as if they know each other. (真实情况)

It seems as though it were already spring. (虚拟语气)

G) 用在if only 引起的感叹句中.

Eg. If only the driver didn’t drive so fast!

请教初中英语中虚拟语气的常见用法。谢谢

他带着雨衣以防下雨。

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气

⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。

① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形，例如：If I were in your ition I would marry her.

② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + he +过去分词，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could he played tennis.

③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not he been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。

④ 但是，如果后果用了虚拟语气，而条件却用陈述语气，这种用法是错的。

⒉ 除了表示虚条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形，例如：Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.（1996年1月四级第44题）

⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或he的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , shou条件从句ld, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构,这时候，如果出现not等否定词，否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用，但频频出现在中出现，例如：If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could he played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could he played tennis.

⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达，但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise等表达出来。例如：We didn't know his ephone number; otherwise we would he ephoned him.（1995年6月四级第46题）值得注意的是，包含but for的句子，谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式，但包含without等短语的句子，谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。

⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来，而在蕴含在用but的从句里，于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句，例如I would he g you but the ephone was out of order.在这样的句子里，如果主句没有用虚拟语气，或者从句用了虚拟语气，都是错的。

⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（wish后的that 常省略），根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位，例如：How she wished his family could go with him.

⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, a, insist, require, suggest, proe, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。例如：The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外，如suggest表达“暗示”，insist表示“坚持某种说法”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气，例如：Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.

除此之外，上述动词也要求用虚拟式

① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.

② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词，其后的表语从句中，例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.

③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中，如：The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.

⒊ would （had）rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反，例如：I would rather he went right now.

Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气

⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后，that主语从句中虚拟形式使用，这类形容词包括necessary, important, essIf I were you, I would he taken his a.我要是你，我就采纳了他的建议。（从句指现在，主句指过去）ential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, aisable等，例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce ry single word correctly.

⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式，例如It is high time that you went to school

⒋ 在lest 的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。例如： The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.（1998年1月四级第38题）

⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如： Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your a.

虚拟语气问题

2) whom 表示人,在从句其主要形式有三种：中做宾语和表语:

1.a 2.b 3.c 4.c 5.a 6.a 7.c 8.c.9.a 10.b 11.d 12.d. 13.c (这句话翻译为 到了我们将要总和所有结果的时间了 如果A是 should sum即可 但sum是一般现在时表示经常发生的动作 语句已不符) 14.d 15c. 16.d. 17.b

C.其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必

求虚拟语气用法！

非限制性定语英语句型固定搭配用法总结非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。从句

1、在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。例如：1)If I were you,I wouldn't he missed the film last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。(从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。) 2)If he had followed the doctor's a,he would recover already.如果他遵照医生的劝告，现在病就好了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。) 2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did,had,should移到句首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。例如：1)Had we time to spare,we would be glad to go to the park.如果能抽出时间，我们很乐意逛公园。2)Were it not for the discovery of electricity,the modern world would experience great inconveniece.如没有发现电，现代世界将很不方便。3、有时设的情况不用if虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词(如without, but for等)引出的短语、分词(如suping等)引出的短语、并列连词(如or,otherwise,but,though等)、由动词supe引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。例如：1)But for your a,I would not be able to do this work.要不是你的劝告，我是不会做这份工作的。2)Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened,otherwise he wouldn't he made such a stupid remark.显然维克多不知道发生了什么事情。不然的话，他就不会说这样愚蠢的话了。4、在一些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用动词原形或"should＋动词原形"表示虚拟语气。这类动词有ask,demand, insist,order,proe,move,desire,require等。例如：1)They demanded that the aggressor troops(should)be withdrawn immediay.他们要求立即撤出侵略军。2)I moved that he(should)be discharged for his serious mistake.我建议，由于他犯有错误，应解除他的职务。5、在"would(had)rather(would sooner,would as soon)＋宾语从句"句型中，要求后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气。但这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望，其从句谓语动词用一般过去时。例如：1)I would rather you came next Friday.我希望你下周五来。2)I'd just as soon you didn't speak rudely to her.我真希望你别对她那么粗鲁地讲话。6、在和idea,necessity,plan, motion,order,proal,recommendation,suggestion,under- standing等词有关的同位语或表语从句中，谓语动词用动词原形或"should＋动词原形"表示虚拟语气。例如：1)M y idea is that the group(should)hold another session to discuss the problem.我的意见是小组召开另一次会议来讨论这个问题。2)Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained be taken into account before starting a new project.我们强调在开始制定一个新的之前，必须把要达到的所有目标都考虑进去。7、在某些"It is＋形容词＋that..."句型中，如"It is important(necessary,essential, natural,desirable,unusual,pity,strange)that..."，that所的主语从句中谓语动词均用动词原形或"should＋动词原形"来表示虚拟语气。例如：1)It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college.人们迫切地希望能给这个学院派一个新。2)It is strange that the girl(should)be so arrogant.真奇怪，这个女孩竟会如此傲慢。8、在"It is ordered(suggested,demanded,moved,planned等)＋that..."这个句型中，that的主语从句要用虚拟语气形式，谓语动词用动词原形或"should＋动词原形"。例如：1)It is moved that Lucy give a performance at the party.有人提议露茜在晚会上表演一个节目。2)It was suggested that more teachers (should)be sent there to them.有人建议派更多的老师去那儿帮助他们。9、as if /though可以引出一个状语从句也可以引出一个表语从句。当as if／though跟在be，feel，look，seem，sound等系动词之后时，的是表语从句；如果主句的谓语动词不是联系动词be等，as if／though的则是方式状语从句。无论是哪种类型的从句，只要从句的内容是不真实的，都必须用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反要用"had＋过去分词"；表示与将来可能相反的则用"would(could，might)＋动词原形"。例如：1)I feel as if I were going to faint.我感到我像要昏过去似的。(与现在事实相反的表语从句) 2)She cried as if her heart could be broken.她哭的好像心都要碎了。(与将来可能相反的主语从句) 10、在It is(about /high)time的定语从句中，也可以根据需要使用虚拟语气，用以表示"(此刻)该做……而没有做"的意思，其谓语动词用过去时或"should＋动词原形(用should时，不能将其省略)"。例如：1)It is time I should lee.我该走了。2)It is about time that you got(should get) dressed.你该穿衣服了。11、if only的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟结构，现在已成为惯用法，表达愿望。从句用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望；对过去没有实现或不能实现的愿望，从句就用过去完成时。这类句型表示一种不真实的条件，常译成"要是……就好了！"例如：1)If only I had taken mother's a.我要是听取妈建议就好了。2)If only I could speak sral foreign languages.我要是能讲几种外语就好了。12、在以in order that,so that,lest的目的状语从句中，谓语动词一般用虚拟语气。从句中的谓语动词用"may(might)＋动词原形"或"should＋动词原形"。在以lest的从句中，谓语动词用"should＋动词原形"。例如：1)She stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her sick mother.她在家里呆了好几天，以便能照顾生病的母亲。2)The teacher explained the sentences again and again in order that the students could understand them clearly.老师一再解释这些句子以便学生能够清楚地理解。

英语中几种从句表达及用法

英语关联词 —关系词 9

1.主语从句

Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：

例如：

It is a facta pitya questiongood news that...

It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that...

2)what的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。

What we lack is experience.

3)what,who,when,why,wher等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们的主语从句，都用陈述语序。

How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.

I did know why I felt like crying.

2.宾语从句

1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that的宾语从句。

I promised that I would change the situation.

All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.

2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。

He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

He didn't think that the money was well spent.

3.表语从句

表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,wher,how等外，还可由because,as if(though)等。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that表语从句，不可用because.

Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.

The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.

It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world aller.

4.同位语从句

同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用wher,who,when,where,what,why,how等。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。

She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.

5.定语从句

定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词。

限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。

The comrs and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.

Those who live alone or who are sick may he trouble in getting close to other people.

The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.

1)当先行词是all,anything,rything,soming,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词修饰时，只能用关系代词that从句。

That is all that I've heard from him.

He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.

2)关系代词的省略

在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。

This is one of those things with which we he to put up.

This is one of those things (whichthat) we he to put up with.

3)定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。

Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.

No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.

5.定语从句

Every object has a gritational pull,which is rather like magneti.

“介词+whichwhomwhose”的定语从句

“介词+whichwhomwhose”可限制性定语从句，也可非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。

This is the comr on which he spent all his sings

It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.

as的定语从句

These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)

As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)

6.状语从句

时间状语从句

时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：

1）when,whenr,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。

We he learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.

2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(ry) time,the moment,immediay(that)等。

As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received itive responses.

The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.

地点状语从句

地点状语从句的连词是where,wherr.

Wherr she went,she took her little daughter with her.

原因、结果和目的状语从句

1）原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。

Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.

2)结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that

,so that,that,so等。

Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to lee.

3)目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。

We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.

条件和让步状语从句

1）条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,suping等。

As long as you he the right equipment,you can use a ephone line to tranit comr data.

2)让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,wher,n though,n if,no matter what(when,how...),whatr(whenr,wherr,howr....)等。though,n if等状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。

No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.

Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)

Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)

方式状语从句

方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。

The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.

虚拟语气的时态怎么用啊？

3.There is no denying that + S + V (不可否认的……)

虚拟语气

1.主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词，用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为：（should）+动词原形。

常这样用的形容词有：

appropriate适当的aisable适当的，合理的better较好的desirable理想的essential精华的imperative迫切的important重要的insistent坚持的natural自然的necessary必要的preferable优越的，较好的strange奇怪的urgent紧迫的vital极其重要的

过去分词有：

desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required等。

It is essential that you (should) win the voters’hearts.赢得选民的心是必要的。

It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.有人提议他应该参加俱乐部的活动。

2.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为：（should）+动词原形。

常这样用的名词有：

resolution决心，决议pray恳求decision决议motion提议suggestion建议preference选择proal提议a劝告recommendationdesire愿望demand要求requirement要求order命令necessity必要性request要求idea主意、想法例如：

He ge orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.他下令热情款待这些客人。

His proal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.他提议我们应该摈弃这些不良习性。

3.宾语从句中的虚拟语气

1）某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为：（should）+动词原形。常这样用的动词有：

ask要求aise劝告determine决定decide决定command命令insist坚持intend打算move提议prefer宁愿proe提议order命令recommendrequest要求require要求suggest建议urge主张demand要求desire渴望direct命令例如：

He insisted that the meeting be put off.他要求推迟那个会议。

They proed that all the plans should be discussed at the meeting.他们建议所有的都应该在会上讨论。

2）在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为：（should）+动词原形。这一句型中使用的形容词（宾补）与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用的形容词相同。例如：

We think it aisable that he (should) think deeply before acting.我们认为他在行动之前好好考虑一下才是明智的。

3）wish后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。

表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish +主语+动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish +主语+ had +过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish +主语+ would +动词原形。

I wish I knew what was going to happen.但愿我能知道要发生什么事。

She wished she had stayed at home.她懊悔的是她当时要是在家就好了。

I wish I were rich.我恨不得我很有钱。

注意：在表示对过去情况的虚拟时，有时也可以用下列形式：

wish +主语+ would（could）+ he +过去分词I wish I could he seen her last night.要是我昨天晚上能够见到她那该多好。

4. if条件句中的虚拟语气形式1）if非真实条件句所表示的设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的主句与从句都用虚拟语3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should/could/ might +动词原形。If he were to lee today, he would get there by Friday气。

在if非真实虚拟条件句中，主句和从句谓语动词主要有下面几种形式：

设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反动词过去时（be用were）Should（would，could，might）+动词原形与过去事实相反Had +过去分词Should（would，could, might）+ he +过去分词与将来事实可能相反动词过去时（should+动词原形，were to +动词原形）Should（would，could，might）+动词原形

If there were no grity, we should not be able to walk.如没有引力，我们就不可能行走。

I wouldn’t he known what these were for if I hadn’t been told.如别人不告诉我，我就不知道这些东西是干什么的了。

2）正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将were，had, should等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面。如果句中没有were，had或should时，既不能省略if，也不能倒装。例如：

Were I to meet him tomorrow (= If I were to met him tomorrow), I should ask him about it.要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这件事的。

Had I had the money last year (= If I had had the money last year), I would he bought the house.如果我去年有了这笔钱，我就买那所房子了。

Should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply.如锅炉出问题的话，自控装置会自动切断燃油的供给。

3）通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如：

If the weather had been more forable, the crop would be growing still better.如果气候更适宜一些，庄稼会长得更好。（从句指过去，主句指现在）

Without your (=If we had not had your ), we could not he succeeded.要是没有你的帮助，我们就不会成功的。

But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。

He was hing a meeting; otherwise he would he come over to us.他当时正与他的学生进行讨论，否则的话他就来帮我们了。

He felt very tired yesterday, or he would he attended the party.他昨天很累，不然他就参加那个聚会了。

2）在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中，虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来。谓语动词用should/ would be形式和should/ would he been虚拟形式。例如：

Any men in his ition would he done like that.任何人处在他的位置都会那么做的。

You should (ought to) he come earlier.你本应来得早点。

6.其他句型中的虚拟语气1）在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well和would prefer等后面所跟的从句中，也可以用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿、但愿”。其形式为：

①“would rather (would sooner…) +主语+谓语动词过去式”表示现在或将来的情况。

②“would rather (would sooner) +主语+动词过去完成式”表示过去的情况。例如：I’d rather he didn’t go now.要是他现在不走就好了I’d just as soon you had been here yesterday.要是你昨天在这里就好了。

2）在句型“It is (high/ about) time…”后面也可以跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“（should）+动词原形”，意为“该是……的时候了”。例如：

It is time that the boy (should) go to school.这个小孩该上学了。

34. 在 lest 和 for fear that(以免),in case(以防)从句中用should, should 可以省略.）在“if only”引起的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。

形式为：①用过去时或“would/ could +动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。

②过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如：

If only you would listen to our a.要是你听我们的建议就好了。

If only I had not been busy last week!要是上周我不忙该多好啊！

If only she could marry me.但愿她能嫁给我。

注：if only也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如：

If only I had more money, I could buy a car.要是我有更多的钱，我就可以买辆车了。

4）连接词“in case, lest, for fear that”可以用来虚拟语气。其形式通常为：“…lest (in case, for fear that) +主语+ should +动词原形”。Lest, for fear that句中的should可以省去，in case句中的should通常不省去，但是in case句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。Lest, for fear that后面也可以接其他形式。例如：

He took his coat with him in case it should rain.他带着雨衣以防下雨。

I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/ might) disturb you.我不会做声的，以免打扰你。

Care must be taken in using this mod lest overflow (should) occur.在使用这以方法的时候要谨慎小心，以免发生溢流现象。

除了if于wish的虚拟语气句外虚拟语气的具体用法

There is (no) sibility that…………(同位语从句)很可能/没可能……

楼主列举的语法结构是对的，对将来的虚拟确实是wish+主语+would+动词原形，但是这个题目的意思是：我希望我可以...注意，是“我可以”，不是“我将要”，虚拟语气中是可以出现出现could的，至于你说的then,它和前面的句子没什么关系。could用在虚拟语气中还可以举出例子：

⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 的方式状语从句中的应用（谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同）表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。例如：He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况，谓语动词用过去完成式。

iwish

as的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。

icould

be

here

with

you.我希望能和你在一起

楼主不懂的请追问

if的条件状语从句与虚拟语气的用法

英语关联词 —关系词 11

if的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句：

Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气

1、if 的条件状语从句有两种语气，一种是真实语气，一种是虚拟语气。

2、if条件句中如有were，should，had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。

3、在语法中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。

拓展资料

if的用法

1、The whole room looks as if it has been lovingly put toger over the years

整个房间看起来好像是经过了多年的精心布置。

2、He points two fingers at his head, as if he were holding a gun

他把两根手指指向他的头，仿佛他正举着一支枪。

3、My huand, for some unknown reason, suggested that I loved my birds more than him: as if I would

我丈夫，莫名其妙地，暗示我爱鸟甚于爱他：仿佛我真如此似的。

4、Living toger didn't harm our friendship. If anything it strengthened it

在一起住并没有损害我们的友谊。要说真有什么的话，它反而巩固了我们的友谊。

5、I am surprised by the fuss she's . It's not as if my personality has changed.

她的大惊小怪令我很吃惊。显然不是我的个性改变了。

6、If I were you, Mrs Gretchen, I just wouldn't worry about it

要是我是你，格蕾琴夫人，我一点都不会担心。

7、You'll feel a lot better about yourself if you work on solutions to your upsetting situations

如果你设法找到解决自己麻烦的办法，你自我感觉会好得多。

8、You can go if you want

你要是想走就可以走。

9、If you would like to send a donation to Cobuild, please enclose a cheque with your coupon

如果你想为Cobuild语料库捐款，请随订货单附上支票。

10、If you went into town, you'd not all the pubs he loud jukeboxes

如果你进了城，你会注意到所有的酒吧都有音量很大的自动点唱机。

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。

I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:

1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。

2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + he +过去分词。If he had known your address yesterday,he would he ephoned you.

4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或he的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。If he had worked harder, he would he got through the exams.==>Had he worked harder, he would he got through the exams.If he were to lee today, he would get there by Friday.==>Were he to lee today, he would get there by Friday.If I were in your place, I wouldn’t do that.==>Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.

5. 有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。如：We didn't know his ephone number; otherwise we would he ephoned him. Without you , I wouldn’t he achid so much. But for （“要不是......”的意思）your , I would not he succeeded.

II: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:

1. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如 aise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, proe, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote.常考到的是: suggest, aise, demand, require, proe, insist, order, request.

His doctor suggested that he (should) take short lee of absence.

The author proed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour ry day.

2. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如 a, decision,agreement, command, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.

It was Bill’s suggestion that ryone (should) he a map.

His suggestion was that ryone (should) he a map.

He ge us a suggestion that ryone (should) he a map.

3. 在It is/was +形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 这类形容词常见的有: aisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(必要), imsible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, sible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.

It‘s natural that she (should) do so.

It is essential that we (should) l her the news.

She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.

He your gun ready in case we should need it.

III: wish 后的 that 从句中:

1. 表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.

I wish I knew his address.

I wish I were young.

2. 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望, 从句用过去完成式或would, could, might + he + 过去分词.

I wish you had written to him.

3. 如果将wish改成wished, 其后that 从句中动词的形式不变.

4. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求

I wish he would answer my letter.

I wish prs would come down.

I wish you would me.

I wish you would stop asking silly questions.

IV: 在 It’s about/ high/ first(second,If only she had asked someone’s a.(过去) third etc)time 后的that 从句中,用过去式.表示“该是做什么的时候了”

It is about time you were in bed.

It is high time we left.

It is the first time I came here.

V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中,用过去式或过去完成式,表示“宁愿做什么”

I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday ning.

VI: 在if only（“如果....就好了”的意思） 感叹句中,谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.

If only he didn’t drive so fast!(现在)

If only the rain would stop.(将来)

VII: 在as if / as though 从句中,表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑,用过去式;表示过去想象中的动作或情况, 用过去完成式.

He speaks as if he were on the spot.

She spoke to me as if I were deaf.

This dev operated as though it had been repaired.

注: 1. 在 as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成为事实, 用陈述语气.

He looks as if he is going to be ill.

2. 在 insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气.

She insists that she is right.

She insisted that I should finish the work at once.

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。

I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型:

1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers.如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。

2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + he +过去分词。If he had known your address yesterday,he would he ephoned you.

4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或he的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。If he had worked harder, he would he got through the exams.==>Had he worked harder, he would he got through the exams.If he were to lee today, he would get there by Friday.==>Were he to lee today, he would get there by Friday.If I were in your place, I wouldn’t do that.==>Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.

5. 有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。如：We didn't know his ephone number; otherwise we would he ephoned him. Without you , I wouldn’t he achid so much. But for （“要不是......”的意思）your , I would not he succeeded.

II: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:

1. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如 aise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, proe, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote.常考到的是: suggest, aise, demand, require, proe, insist, order, request.

His doctor suggested that he (should) take short lee of absence.

The author proed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour ry day.

2. 在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如 a, decision,agreement, command, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.

It was Bill’s suggestion that ryone (should) he a map.

His suggestion was that ryone (should) he a map.

He ge us a suggestion that ryone (should) he a map.

3. 在It is/was +形容词后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略. 这类形容词常见的有: aisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(必要), imsible, improper, important, natural, necessary, obligatory, sible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.

It‘s natural that she (should) do so.

It is essential that we (should) l her the news.

She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.

He your gun ready in case we should need it.

III: wish 后的 that 从句中:

1. 表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.

I wish I knew his address.

I wish I were young.

2. 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望, 从句用过去完成式或would, could, might + he + 过去分词.

I wish you had written to him.

3. 如果将wish改成wished, 其后that 从句中动词的形式不变.

4. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求

I wish he would answer my letter.

I wish prs would come down.

I wish you would me.

I wish you would stop asking silly questions.

IV: 在 It’s about/ high/ first(second, third etc)time 后的that 从句中,用过去式.表示“该是做什么的时候了”

It is about time you were in bed.

It is high time we left.

It is the first time I came here.

V: 在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中,用过去式或过去完成式,表示“宁愿做什么”

I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday ning.

VI: 在if only（“如果....就好了”的意思） 感叹句中,谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同.

If only he didn’t drive so fast!(现在)

If only the rain would stop.(将来)

VII: 在as if / as though 从句中,表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑,用过去式;表示过去想象中的动作或情况, 用过去完成式.

He speaks as if he were on the spot.

She spoke to me as if I were deaf.

This dev operated as though it had been repaired.

注: 1. 在 as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成为事实, 用陈述语气.

He looks as if he is going to be ill.

2. 在 insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气.

She insists that she is right.

She insisted that I should finish the work at once.

if的条件状语从句

如果。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。就。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

if don 't raining tommrrow ,we will go to the movies

表示虚拟，一般的话，时态是一般将来时

我能帮你的就这麽多了