全国卷高考英语2018_全国卷高考英语作文字数要求

2018年高考英语全国卷1 - 阅读理解D

We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of soming shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devs well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devs consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.

全国卷高考英语2018_全国卷高考英语作文字数要求

全国卷高考英语2018_全国卷高考英语作文字数要求

我们可能认为，在我们的文化中，一看到崭新的事物就会摒弃我们的旧技术，但一项新的研究表明，当旧设备过时了之后我们仍然继续使用。这对于环境和我们的钱包来说是个坏消息，因为这些过时的设备做同样的事情要比新设备消耗更多的能源。

To figure out how much power these devs are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the dev. This mod provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devs were grouped by generation. Desktop comrs, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, art phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.

为了弄清楚这些设备的耗电量，纽约罗切斯特理工学院的卡莉·巴比特和她的同事跟踪了每种产品在其整个生命周期内造成的环境代价——从原料开采到停止使用该设备。这一方法提供了自20世纪90年代初以来家庭能源使用的变化数据。不同的年代出现了不同的设备。台式计算机、最初的移动电话和盒式电视定义了1992年。1997年，数码相机问世。2002年MP3播放器、智能手机和液晶电视进入家庭，2007年平板电脑和电子阅读器问世。

As we accumulated more devs, howr, we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room evision is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you he a TV in ry room of the house," said one researcher. The erage number of electronic devs rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devs — we continue to use them. According to the ysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devs with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

然而，当我们积累了更多的设备时，我们并没有扔掉我们的旧设备。一位研究人员说：“客厅的电视更换后放在孩子们的房间里，突然有一天，家里每个房间都有一台电视”。每个家庭拥有的电子设备平均数量从1992年的4台增加到2007年的13台。我们不仅保留了这些旧设备，我们还继续使用它们。根据巴比特团队的分析，旧的台式显示器和带有阴极射线管的盒式电视是最糟糕的设备，它们的能耗和温室气体排放量都很高，在1992年至2007年期间增加了一倍多。

So what's the solution? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop comrs could cut energy consumption by 44%.

那么解决方案是什么呢？该团队的数据仅持续到2007年，但研究人员还探讨了如果消费者使用具有多种功能的新电子产品（如用于文字处理和电视观看的平板电脑）取代旧产品会发生什么情况。他们发现，用平板电脑上代替电视和台式电脑观看更多的娱乐点播节目，可以减少44%的能耗。

2018年高考英语全国卷1 - 阅读理解A

Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours

特区自行车之旅

Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.

特区樱花自行车之旅。

Duration: 3 hours

时长：3小时

This all group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before ailability — the cherry blossoms—disappear!

这个小型团体自行车之旅可以观赏特区世界的樱花盛放。导游将介绍有关樱花以及绽放处纪念碑的历史课程。记住在樱花凋谢之前预定好！

Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour

首都纪念碑自行车之旅

Duration:3 hours (4 miles)

时长：3小时（4英里）

Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.

加入一个有导游的自行车之旅，参观特区一些的纪念碑。一边听导游在每一站分享不为人知的史实，一边探寻广场上的纪念碑和雕塑。旅游包括自行车、头盔、饼干和瓶装水。

Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.

首都自行车之旅。

Duration:3 hours

时长：3小时

Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a ooth tour route make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.

不管是早上还是下午，对于那些想要以一种最为轻松的健康方式，体验特区的新访客和当地人来说，这趟自行车之旅都是完美的。知识渊博的导游将为您介绍关于、国会、雕塑和公园的最有趣的故事。舒适的自行车和流畅的旅游路线让在不同地点之间骑自行车变得有趣和放松。

Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour

首都夜景自行车之旅

Duration:3 hours(7miles)

持续时间：3小时（7英里）

Join a all group bike tour for an ning of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.

加入一个小型团体自行车之旅，夜游特区的中心地带。当你骑自行车经过国会山和广场时，你要靠近纪念碑和雕塑。当导游介绍不为人知的史实时，我们会经常停下来拍照。旅游包括自行车、头盔和瓶装水。所有骑手都配有反光背心和安全灯。

2018年四川高考英语使用全国几卷

2018年四川高考英语使用什么试卷，用的是全国卷还是自主命题？在复习备考过程中，考生们一定要弄清楚高考考的是什么卷子，这样在复习时也能做到心中有数。下面是2018年四川高考英语使用哪套试卷。

四川英语2018年用什么试卷

2018年四川 高考英语试卷 使用全国Ⅲ卷，新课标三卷，也就是全国丙卷。通常情况下，全国丙卷会比全国乙卷和甲卷简单一些，但考全国卷的省份都会根据考试大纲命题，不会因地区或教材等因素而区别对待考生。

高考试卷 一般会密封存档，高考结束后不允许带出考场，考生们答题时一定要确保把答题卡填涂完整，千万不要答窜题，试卷和草稿纸可以随意写写画画。

阅读： 2018年全国各省市高考使用全国几卷

四川高考去年英语试卷难度分析

【命题特点】

2017年高考全国丙卷英语试题，在内容上体现了新课程理念，贴近中学英语教学，坚持对基础知识、基本技能以及思想方法的考查。在命题素材选择上体现课程标准中的情感态度、情感体验和文化意识等，体现语言测试的教育功能。试卷体现了“稳定与创新”的命题原则，以稳为主，稳中求进。可以概括为：遵守考纲平稳创新;梯度适当区分合理;注重基础兼顾能力;培植探究彰显素养;贴近生活落实交际。

具体特点如下：

1.体现新课标理念，难度相对稳定。试卷紧扣考试大纲，合理地完成了对基本知识和基本能力的考查。对传统内容的考查在保持平稳的基础上进行了适度创新。

2.充分体现测试功能、教育功能、交际功能和价值功能，试题设计科学。整套试卷遵循“突出语篇，强调应用，注重交际”的命题原则。

3.素材贴近生活，紧跟时代潮流。命题素材体现了“与时俱进、与时俱新、与时俱行”的命题原则，体现“突出语篇，强调运用，重在交流”的命题导向，有利于学生积累文化生活知识以及人文和科学素养。命题体裁多元化，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文等，而且话题涉及面广，介绍了旅游、科技、睡眠健康、学生生活等。

4.弘扬传统文化，具有教育意义。选材体现了科学精神和人文素养的熏陶教育以及核心素养的统一。命题素材不但介绍异域文化，而且宣传和弘扬传统文化。

【命题趋势】

1.听力：听力仍然围绕考生熟悉的生活、学习、购物、就餐、住宿、旅游等日常生活话题，运用简短对话和独白考查学生对主旨大意的归纳、事实细节的捕获以及推理判断等能力。

2.阅读理解：从体裁和难度上看：应用文最简单，科技文难度适中;题材方面：题材仍然体现了来源于实际生活、紧贴时代、反映英美文化、感悟人生价值、弘扬正能量、培养核心素养体系等特点;从题型上来看，细节理解题占多数，推理判断题其次，然后是主旨大意题和词义猜测题。

3.完型填空：完形填空仍然是记叙文，难度稍低。设空以实词为主，其中动词和动词短语8个，名词8个，形容词和副词共4个，而没有涉及到连词和代词的考查。话题与生活联系紧密，符合大众思维，易于学生理解。个别题设置巧妙，较好地体现了区分度。

4.语法填空和短文改错：仍然在语篇基础上侧重对语法知识的考查，考查点包括：动词时态、语态、形容词、代词、冠词、介词、连词等。

5.英语书面表达：2016年书面表达是写一封电子邮件，向朋友道歉;2017年是乒乓球队招队员，请给外籍朋友Eric写信邀请他参加，提示只有两点，1，邀请参加。2，截止时间。由于提示较少，学生的发挥余地很大，区分度也大。

2018高考英语卷纸全国卷2分数结构

试卷满分：150分部分听力(共两节，满分30分) 节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) 节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分) 节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分) 第二节 书面表达(满分25分) 希望对你有帮助！

2018英语高考题全国卷一语法填空翻译

1. upset 2. personal 3. famous 4. surprised 5. Experience 6. original7.nervous 8. chance 9. decision 10. imsible

2018年高考英语全国Ⅰ卷 阅读题C篇「经济学人」

CLanguages he been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by ter-gatherers, all, tightly knit (联系) groups dloped their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts beli that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.

Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the dlopment of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all he caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.

At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely unn. The general rule is that mild zones he relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones he lots, often spoken by all numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.

Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to he much chance of survival.

28. What can we infer about languages in ter-gatherer times?

A. They dloped very fast.

B. They were large in number.

C. They had similar patterns.

D. They were closely connected.

29. Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？

A. Complex. B. Aanced. C. Powerful. D. Modern.

30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present？

A. About 6,800. B. About 3,400. C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200.

31. What is the main idea of the text？

A. New languages will be created.

B. People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.

C. Human dlopment results in fewer languages.

D. Geography determines language evolution.

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